The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland. The thyroid is located in the centre of the lower neck, below the voice box and around the front half of the windpipe. It looks like a fly just above the collarbone and has two halves (lobes) connected by a small piece of tissue (isthmus). The thyroid is…
Gallbladder disease is one of the most common procedures performed in India. Before 1991, the open technique was the standard procedure for cholecystectomy. This usually involves doing an intraoperative cholangiogram if having CBD stones and the patient usually stays at home 2 to 6 days postoperatively. With the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gold standard…
The appendix is a small worm-like structure attached to the cecum, the initial part of the large intestine, in the lower right corner of the stomach. In the first few years of life, the appendix acts as part of the immune system but has no known function. Sudden inflammation of the appendix is known as…
Obesity is linked to many endocrine disorders associated with hormonal imbalance and resistance. Some of these disorders are thought to contribute to the development of obesity, while others are considered secondary effects of obesity and usually resolve after weight loss. Hormones play an important role in appetite, metabolism, body fat distribution, and excess energy storage…